(1)托辊载荷的计算

(1) calculation of the load of the roller

托辊载荷可分为静载荷和动载荷，工程设计中一般使用静力学和动力学两种计算方法。传统的设计中比较注重静特性计算，随着皮带输送机动力学分析的发展，工程技术人员在托辊设计的过程中也越来越注重动特性方面的考虑。

Roller load can be divided into static load and dynamic load. In engineering design, two methods of statics and dynamics are usually used. The traditional design pays more attention to the static characteristic calculation. With the development of the dynamic analysis of the belt conveyer, the engineers and technicians pay more attention to the consideration of the dynamic characteristics in the process of the design of the roller.

托辊的静载荷计算主要考虑传送物料和输送带自重对托辊产生的正向压力，在皮带弯曲段还应考虑输送带张力的作用，特别是在凹凸弧段。槽型托辊受力分析主要是载荷在3个托辊上的分配问题，尤其是在凸弧段，目前多数计算都把中

The calculation of the static load of the roller mainly takes into account the positive pressure produced by the conveying material and the self weight of the conveyor belt. In the belt bending section, the effect of the tension of the conveyer belt should be considered, especially in the concave and convex arcs. The force analysis of groove idler is mainly the problem of load distribution on 3 idlers, especially in convex segments.

间托辊看作是受力最大的，按物料重的70％和输送带重的40％计算，但是侧托辊受载后2个轴承的受力不等，同时还有比较大的轴向力。

The inter roller is regarded as the maximum force, which is calculated by 70% of the weight of the material and 40% of the weight of the conveyor belt, but the force of the 2 bearings is unequal after the side roller is loaded, and there is a larger axial force at the same time.

托辊的动载荷是托辊实际选型中必须加以考虑的。托辊动载荷是由多方面的因素产生的，主要有：

The dynamic load of idlers must be considered in the actual selection of idlers. The dynamic load of idlers is caused by many factors.

①托辊辊壳偏心转动时产生的动载荷；

(1) the dynamic load generated by the eccentric roll of the roller housing.

②托辊偏心转动与输送带相互作用而产生的动载荷；

(2) the dynamic load generated by the interaction between idler and the conveyor belt.

③输送带及物料运动时对托辊冲击产生的动载荷；

(3) the dynamic load generated by the impact of the conveyor belt and the material during movement.

④输送带横向弯曲振动拍打托辊产生的动载荷；

(4) the dynamic load caused by the transverse bending vibration of the conveyor belt.

⑤输送带张力变化对过渡段托辊、弯曲段托辊产生的动载荷；

(5) the dynamic load caused by the tension change of the conveyor belt to the idler and bending section of the transition section.

⑥高速运行的输送带通过托辊时物料和输送带变形对侧托辊产生作用力，特别是物料中含有大块时其冲击力最大，目前这方面的研究还很少；

(6) the high speed conveyer belt produces the force of the side roller through the deformation of the material and conveyor belt through the roller, especially when there is a large mass in the material, and the impact force is the most, so the research in this respect is very few at present.

⑦转载处托辊受物料下落的冲击动载 荷。正确地计算这些载荷对于选择托辊、估算托辊 的使用寿命是非常重要的。

The dynamic load of the roller at the retransmission place is affected by the falling of the material. Correctly calculating these loads is very important for selecting idlers and estimating the service life of idlers.

(2)托辊的加工工艺

(2) the processing technology of the roller

托辊的加工精度主要指外壳及托辊两端内孔的同心度以及各零件轴向尺寸的加工精度。若同心度太差，会造成滚动轴承咬死、增加阻力，降低使用寿命；若零件的轴 向尺寸误差太大，会形成较大的轴向间隙，导致轴向窜动，破坏润滑和密封；若安装质量不好，将发生跑偏、咬卡、加剧磨损等，大大降低托辊使用寿命。

The machining accuracy of idlers refers to the concentricity of the inner holes at the two ends of the shell and the idler and the machining accuracy of the axial dimensions of the parts. If the concentricity is too poor, it will cause the rolling bearing to bite, increase the resistance and reduce the service life. If the axial size error of the part is too large, it will form a larger axial gap, which causes the axial movement to destroy the lubrication and seal. If the installation quality is not good, it will run off, bite the card, aggravate the wear and so on, greatly reducing the use of the roller. Life。